Ocimum basilicum, commonly known as sweet basil, stands out as one of the most popular herbs, often hailed as the ‘king of herbs.’ This versatile herb can be cultivated both indoors and outdoors, showcasing inch-long, oval-pointed, dark green leaves with a distinctive clove-pepperish aroma and taste. As a handsome, bushy plant, sweet basil can reach a height of a foot or more when grown indoors. A visually striking purple-leafed variety, ‘Dark Opal,’ not only adds a decorative touch as a lovely houseplant but is also a valuable addition to culinary endeavors. However, it’s crucial to prevent basil from blooming, as allowing it to flower may lead to seed production. Instead, maintain compact bushiness by regularly pinching out the plant tops.
Basil, an annual herb, typically grows between 12 to 24 inches (30 to 60 cm) in height, varying with the specific variety. Cultivating basil successfully involves providing it with full sun exposure, light, well-drained, nutrient-rich, slightly acidic soil, and regular, yet not waterlogged, watering. Basil is intolerant of cold conditions, and for prolonged leaf production, it’s recommended to pinch off flower stalks.
Starting basil from seed is a straightforward process, and it can also be brought indoors at the end of the growing season. Robust plants are chosen for indoor cultivation, potted in fresh soil before the first frost, and may also be grown in pots outdoors with similar winter care. Vigilance against insect infestations is essential, and a soap and water spray can be used if needed. When transitioning indoors, gradually acclimate the plants to lower light conditions for about a week.
To ensure the health and flavor of basil, it requires at least five hours of sunlight daily. If grown on a windowsill, regular turning is advised to ensure all sides receive light, and care should be taken to prevent basil leaves from touching cold glass. During the winter, basil thrives under fluorescent lights, with the recommendation to hang lights 6 inches (15 cm) from the plants and provide 14 hours of light each day.
Numerous cultivars of basil exist, with two popular varieties being O. basilicum ‘Dark Opal,’ known for winning the All American Award of Excellence and used similarly to sweet basil, and O. basilicum ‘Citriodorum,’ which boasts a strong lemon scent, making it suitable for tea, chicken, and fish dishes.
Beyond its culinary versatility, basil serves as a beneficial companion plant in the garden, particularly when planted alongside tomatoes, as it aids in repelling insects and overcoming diseases. Additionally, basil acts as a natural repellent for flies and mosquitoes. In the kitchen, basil finds a place in a myriad of dishes, including tomato-based dishes, pesto, sauces, salads, soups, fish dishes, mushroom preparations, and various vegetable dishes. Whether used fresh, frozen, or dried, basil’s flavor intensifies when heated, making it a unique addition to a variety of culinary creations.